1. We define the decision first

A useful comparison starts with the reader, budget, workflow, and tradeoffs. We choose the evaluation criteria before deciding which service should be recommended.

2. Primary sources come first

Pricing, plan limits, features, and availability are checked against official provider pages and documentation. Time-sensitive information includes a checked date and should still be confirmed on the provider's site before purchase.

3. Research is not presented as hands-on testing

We distinguish documentation-based research from direct product use. An article will only claim testing when the tested environment, scope, and date can be documented.

4. Affiliate status does not set the ranking

A service can be included or recommended without an affiliate relationship. Commission rate is not an evaluation criterion. Affiliate links are disclosed before the first monetized link and marked for search engines.

5. Updates are meaningful

We do not change an updated date without reviewing the article. Material pricing, feature, or availability changes are reflected in the article when verified.